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Mobility is undergoing dramatic transformations that will radically change the way we move and access work and leisure time. This presentation focuses on how increasingly connected and automated vehicles can achieve unprecedented fuel economy gains. The presentation is based on the results of the first phase of the ARPA-E NEXTCAR project, and introduces a hierarchical control approach that exploits vehicle connectivity and automated driving capabilities to enhance the fuel economy capability of light-duty passenger vehicles. The use of cloud-based route optimization, coupled with adaptation to local traffic conditions via machine learning algorithms, and with the use of increasing levels of automation to shape the expected short-term vehicle load, permits the optimization of powertrain and vehicle longitudinal velocity control achieve near-optimal fuel economy thanks to the ability to predict the near-term future. The ability to realize such capabilities in production vehicles, demonstrated in this project, is around the corner, and will play a key role in shaping the future of personal and commercial mobility.